Systems Overview

This section introduces the main systems being restored and modified as part of the project.

Instruments

With the exception of the clock, the instrument panel remains complete and fully original.

The instruments originally operated using a variety of different systems, including vacuum-driven mechanisms, mechanical cable linkages, electric servo systems, and Teletorque transmitters and receivers. Restoring and interfacing these different technologies is one of the most challenging aspects of the project.

Some instruments also feature unusual and highly creative engineering solutions. For example, the fuel gauge contains an electrically driven clockwork timer mechanism powered by 110V / 60Hz. Once the timer runs down, it disconnects electrical power from parts of the trainer systems.

Throttle, Mixture & Trim

A closer look at the left side of the cockpit, featuring the throttle controls, mixture control, and trim system used for aircraft handling and engine management.

In the original Link Trainer design, throttle position and nose-up or nose-down movement mechanically controlled a series of vacuum-operated valves and regulating bellows. These systems generated realistic indications for instruments such as the altimeter, vertical speed indicator, airspeed indicator, and tachometer.

It is a fascinating example of how complex aircraft systems and flight behavior were simulated long before the age of digital electronics and computers

Flaps & Landing Gear

The flap and landing gear controls are located to the left of the seat.
These systems were primarily used during takeoff and landing operations and allowed students to practice standard landing procedures, including flap operation, landing gear handling, and propeller pitch adjustment. Visual and audible warning indications simulated realistic landing conditions during training.

Cooling Shutters

The cooling shutter controls for the carburetor and oil systems are located on this panel.
They were used to regulate airflow and maintain proper engine and oil temperatures during operation.

Switch Panel

Located to the right of the seat, this panel contains the main power, lighting, and ventilation controls.
It also includes settings for glide path functions, pitot heat, and the instrument landing system.

Yoke & Control Loading

The control yoke provides pitch and roll control, while the control loading system recreates realistic control forces and resistance experienced during flight.

In the original Link Trainer design, the yoke was mechanically connected to a system of vacuum-operated valves controlling the trainer’s motion. The aileron valve simulated banking movement around the longitudinal axis, while the elevator valve controlled pitching motion for climbing and diving.

Additional mechanical linkages introduced effects such as nose heaviness during turns and automatic banking behavior, demonstrating the remarkably sophisticated engineering used in early flight simulation technology.